Water Flow In The Environment

Feature photo: Fractured bedrock drill core example from the October 19, 2024 field demonstration of the annual meeting of the Geological Association of New Jersey (GANJ).  A wash (squirt) bottle was used to apply water onto the drill core, whereupon demonstrating how quickly the water is absorbed into the fracture bedrock, and hence how it flows underground. 

Article, photos and illustration provided by FMN Stephen Tzikas

The flow of water commonly occurs in nature.  How it flows though is a whole discipline of engineering, often attempting to model flood waters or contaminants in the environment. Surface water flow and ground water flow have different dynamics.  Groundwater flow can be very complicated.

In Fairfax County, our drinking water comes from the Potomac and Occoquan Rivers.  The water is cleaned first at treatment plants. Into those rivers flow stormwater with pollutants and particulate matter. A lot of engineering mathematics and design goes into modeling stormwater management. The basis of this field is called fluid mechanics, which is a fundamental course for most engineering students.

Most of Fairfax County rests on top of the Piedmont Upland province, which is dominated by crystalline metamorphic bedrock like schist, granite, and gneiss, so groundwater flow depends on fractures within the bedrock. Fractured bedrock flow refers to how groundwater moves through  a network of cracks, faults, and fissures in solid rock, rather than through spaces between grains of sand or soil.  The USGS (United States Geological Survey) monitors local groundwater levels.  You can track the real-time depth of the ground water table on the National Ground-Water Monitoring Network. The USGS has a monitoring station (with public informational displays) on its property in Reston that you can visit.

In Fairfax County observational wells are operated by Virginia DEQ (Department of Environmental Quality) and the USGS to monitor aquifer levels and flow dynamics to assess regional water availability, drought conditions, and the impact of urbanization.  Local streams and groundwater are closely linked.

The 52V 2D USGS monitoring well is easily visited off the sidewalk on Sunrise Valley Drive and is complete with surrounding public informational displays.

The observation well 52V 2D is a U.S. Geological Survey monitoring well located at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia. It penetrates the Manassas Sandstone of Triassic age, tapping into an unconfined aquifer that is part of the Early Mesozoic basin aquifers.  This well is situated roughly 300 feet east of the USGS National Center building at Sunrise Valley Drive in Reston, and just south of the sidewalk on Sunrise Valley Drive.  The well depth is 205 feet below the land surface.  It is equipped with a satellite data collection platform and recorded at 15-minute intervals.  The water level at the site fluctuates in response to seasonal recharge and regional precipitation, with historical

Illustration from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System: Observation well 52V 2D water monitoring data can be found on this USGS website.

measurements typically ranging between 6 and 25 feet below land surface.  Historical and real-time groundwater data for this location can be reviewed on the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System.

Environmental engineers have an interest in groundwater management.  When pollutants enter the groundwater, there are various ways, such as attenuation mechanisms, to abate the pollution. In biological degradation, microorganisms consume contaminants (like petroleum and solvents) and break them down into harmless byproducts.  In chemical transformation, natural chemical reactions, such as oxidation-reduction, convert toxic compounds into less harmful forms.  While working as the Environmental Chief of US Army Japan in the 1990s, we aerated the groundwater, our drinking water source, to volatize the TCE contaminant out of the water to harmless levels. TCE is trichloroethylene, an organic compound used mainly as an industrial solvent to remove grease from metal.  Pollutants can originate from many sources, moving through surface water and/or infiltrating groundwater. Their fate can depend on various processes such as dispersion, degradation, volatility, or sedimentation.  Rainwater can also pick up contaminants (fertilizers, pesticides, oil) and carry them into streams and lakes. Pollutants affect aquatic ecosystems and can threaten human  health through drinking water contamination and exposure during recreational activities.

Photo: Fairfax County Park Authority

Hidden Oaks Fall Migratory Bird Count – Citizen Science Opportunity, September Through The Month of October!

Photo: Hidden Oaks, Fairfax County Park Authority

Saturdays, September 5th through October 31st, 2026
8:00-9:15 AM
Hidden Oaks Nature Center

Please click here for additional information and sign-up details!

 

Join FMN volunteers as they assess the migratory birds passing through the park!

As the fall season arrives, we are interested in identifying and recording the types and numbers of birds migrating through Hidden Oaks!

Time and Location:

Bird Counts will take place on Saturdays from 8-9:15 AM at Hidden Oaks Nature Center, though the month of October. Volunteers will meet in front of the native garden by the main parking lot. Please arrive about 15 minutes before the start time.

It is recommended that all participants use the restroom prior to arrival, as there will be no building access. There is a restroom located down by the restored stream near the playground.

Additonal Parking:

If the parking lot is full, additional parking can be found by the Packard Center. If you park in the Packard Center lot, take the Storybook Trail to the nature center.

Weather:

In the case of rain or heavy wind, the program will be canceled. Laura will email you the night before if this is the case.

Can I join if I’m a beginner?

Yes! All are welcome to participate. The more eyes out searching, the more likely folks will find birds. You’re likely to pick up several tips and tricks along the way from others.

Minimum age to participate: 12

Children under 15 MUST be accompanied by a registered adult

FMN members can get citizen science hours using C106: FCPA Citizen Science Programs — Fairfax County Park Authority (FCPA)

Recommended Materials:

Wear appropriate footwear and dress for the weather. Long pants and bug spray are recommended.

Bring your binoculars if you have them. Organizers do have a few binoculars and field guides that you are welcome to use for the duration of the count.

It is recommended that all participants download the ‘Merlin’  and ‘eBird’ app, as they have several ID tools that are very helpful. Volunteers will also be using Cornell’s website ‘Birdcast’ to determine migration patterns and the birds you are most likely to see.

Questions or concerns?

Contact Laura Anderko – dr.laura.anderko@gmail.com

Location:
Hidden Oaks Nature Center
7701 Royce Street
Annandale, Virginia 22003

VDoF Acorn Collection 2026 – Part 2

The VA Department of Forestry (VDoF) Acorn and Seed Collection Program was established to sustain the native tree population in Virginia by collecting native tree seeds, raising trees on farms, and reforesting areas that may have been destroyed by fire or disease. For 2026, Virginia Master Naturalists has again partnered with VDoF to collect various acorns and tree seeds. Please check-out VDoF’s sustainability program link for collection hints, a seed identification chart, and details of seed types being collected for 2026:

Acorn and Nut Sustainability Program : Virginia Department of Forestry

Collection period for 2026 is September 8 thru October 11.

Process Changes for 2026:

Each FMN collection site will have a manager. Please contact the listed manager with questions or to help administer the site (monitor bin or transport seeds).  Otherwise simply drop off acorns in appropriate containers as they are collected.

Notably, the Fairfax County Government Center (Herrity building) is NOT a drop spot for 2026. Due to this reduction in collection capacity we are asking FMN to please REDUCE the donation of Black Walnut nuts (drupes) this year. Because the Herrity Building is not available, our smaller bins and transport resources may be stressed by the volume created by walnut donations. This will be a test year for that. Please focus on donating acorns for any of the 15 types of oak and chestnut species listed on the VDoF site.

FMN Collection Bin Locations:

Fairfax City Composting Center – Sophia Chapin, Stewardship Coordinator 703.223.5054, Sophia.chapin@fairfax.gov

Hidden Oaks Nature Center – Kristina Watts – Kristina.watts@fairfaxcounty.gov

Mt Vernon District Governmental Center – Jerry Nissley – jerry14niss@gmail.com

Vienna Community Center – Maryam Dadkhah – Maryamdad@yahoo.com

Walker Nature Center – Charles Colby – Charles.L.colby@gmail.com

Collection bags will not be provided, so please use sturdy paper, cloth, or canvas bags.

VDoF Collection requirements:
1. Please DO NOT collect acorns or any seed in plastic bags. They will mildew and spoil.

2. Please separate different seed types into separate bags and include a leaf from the tree to help with positive identification.

3. Please label the bag with type of seed, collection date, collection site (zip code at least) and approximate weight.

4. Acorns need to be clean (no holes). Holes indicate that a grub has bored into the acorn. If an acorn floats on water, it is not viable and cannot be used by VDoF – please toss it.

Record FMN service Hours: S400: VDoF Acorn and Seed Collecting — (VDoF)

Three Communities, One Garden: Service Takes Root

The following success story was sent in by FMN Anna Dixon and we are glad she did.  Anna also contributed in large part to the successful outcome. Please follow this story of accomplishment to see how the three communities worked together to create a living testament to service at Antioch Baptist Church.

Anna’s story, “Saturday, August 22, three communities came together at Antioch Baptist Church [in Fairfax Station] around a deceptively simple objective: transform a roughly 20-by-20-foot shaded area beside the sanctuary into the foundation for a sensory garden featuring native and non-invasive plants. What resulted was far more than a landscaping project. Under the leadership of Kevin-Joseph Tann of Springfield’s Scout Troop 1145, approximately 42 volunteers contributed six and one-half hours of work, representing roughly $10,000 in donated labor. Their effort capped months of planning, coordination, design work, material acquisition, and volunteer preparation for Kevin’s Eagle Scout project. Antioch initially publicized the project as an opportunity to benefit its six generations through a perennial and native sensory garden while helping Kevin fulfill the service requirement for the Eagle Scout rank.

Sensory Garden, bare earth canvas – photo FMN Anna Dixon

The results (shown as the cover photo) demonstrates what can happen when three established Springfield District communities bring different strengths to the same piece of ground. For the Scouts, the project was leadership put into practice. Eagle projects are not simply volunteer workdays. The Scout must develop the concept, organize the work, marshal people and materials, and lead others in bringing the project to completion. Troop 1145 has longstanding Springfield roots and a history of Scouts undertaking substantial community-service projects. Kevin’s parents provided sustained support that made an undertaking of this scale possible, while Kevin carried the responsibility of moving the project from concept to execution.

For Antioch Baptist Church, the project fits squarely within both ministry and

Sensory Garden – God’s good Hand upon our good work (Nehemiah 2)

stewardship. Antioch describes itself as a six-generational church, serving people from age two to 102, and emphasizes service that makes an impact both within the church and in the surrounding community. Its Green Ministry has a complementary environmental mission: removing invasive vines, protecting native trees, reducing stormwater impacts, and establishing places where native plants and wildlife can thrive. A sensory garden that can be experienced by children, adults and seniors is therefore more than a beautification project. It advances a broader vision for how the church grounds can serve people while also functioning as healthier habitat.

The Fairfax Master Naturalist community also contributed through Virginia Certified Master Naturalist Anna Dixon, whose role remained intentionally supportive throughout the project. Drawing on Master Naturalist training and her work with Antioch’s Green Ministry, she assisted during the planning period and helped connect the garden’s design and plant choices with the broader objective of increasing native vegetation and ecological value on the church campus. What began as a shaded work area beneath mature trees quickly became an organized garden space. Volunteers removed and prepared soil, installed curved brick pathways, positioned plants, mulched beds and worked in multiple crews simultaneously. By the end  of the day, the geometry of the garden was clearly visible, with brick paths dividing planted beds while preserving access through the space. Just as important, the images show adults and young people working side by side, not as three separate organizations, but as one collaborative team. That may be the project’s most enduring feature. The Scouts supplied youth leadership and an organized volunteer force. Antioch supplied the place, purpose and community that will use and care for the garden. Master Naturalist principles helped keep the project tied to the larger ecological objective of favoring native plants and responsible stewardship. No one element alone would have produced the same result.

Sensory Garden, “Let us rise up and build” (Neh 2:18) – photo FMN Anna Dixon

The garden itself will now do something the work crews could not accomplish in a single day: grow. As plants establish, seasons change and the space matures, Antioch’s six generations will have an increasingly rich place to see, touch, smell and experience nature immediately outside the sanctuary. Native plants can also provide food and shelter for pollinators and other wildlife, extending the project’s benefit beyond the people who walk its paths. An Eagle Scout project is necessarily Kevin’s project. But this one also illustrates something larger: when youth leadership, a church committed to service, and people trained in environmental stewardship align around a tangible community need, a relatively small patch of ground can become common ground. Forty-two volunteers proved that on Saturday. Now the garden gets to tell the story.”

FYI – Hours towards any project worked with faith based communities may be recorded using S100: Faith Community Stewardship Projects — FMN.

VDoF Acorn and Seed Collection – 2026

The VA Department of Forestry (VDoF) Acorn and Seed Collection Program was established to sustain the native tree population in Virginia by collecting native tree seeds, raising trees on farms, and reforesting areas that may have been destroyed by fire or disease. For 2026, Virginia Master Naturalists has again partnered with VDoF to collect various acorns and tree seeds. Please check-out VDoF’s sustainability program for an identification chart and seed types being collected for 2026:

Acorn and Nut Collection link : Virginia Department of Forestry

Process Changes for 2026:

Each FMN collection site will have an FMN manager. Please contact the manager (TBD) with questions or to help administer the site (monitor bin or transport seeds).  Otherwise simply drop off seeds in appropriate containers as they are collected.

Notably, the Fairfax County Government Center (Herrity building) is NOT a drop spot for 2026.

FMN Collection Bin Locations have not all been confirmed for 2026. Sites will be announced via a Listserv message very soon. The DoF link above indicates detail will be announced in early September. At the time of this article, FMN is waiting for final process details from DoF.

Collection requirements:
1. Please DO NOT collect acorns or any seed in plastic bags. They will mildew and spoil.
2. Please separate different seed types into separate bags and include a leaf from the tree to help with positive identification.
3. Please label the bag with type of seed, collection date, collection site (zip code at least) and approximate weight.

Record FMN Hours: S400: VDoF Acorn and Seed Collecting — (VDoF)

Upcoming Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC) webinars for September and October

Photo courtesy of Nina Fisher – English ivy on a forest floor

 

These events is part of the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC)’s free evening science talks, and it will be recorded! Closed captions will be available during the live stream and on the recording. By signing up on the presentation’s Zoom link, you’ll be able to watch live and receive a link to the recording a few days after the live stream. SERC seeks to showcase a wide variety of topics and perspectives for its evening science talks. Views expressed during these talks belong to the individual speakers and not the Smithsonian.

Tuesday, September 15, 2026

  • 7:00pm – 8:30pm

    Speaker: Sam Droege, USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center

    Maryland has about 450 species of bees. Like birds, some are common and some are rare and may need help from people to flourish.  It turns out that many of the rare bees are highly specialized, meaning they gather pollen from only a one genus of plant, or sometimes from just one species of plant. If those plants are absent, then the bees are absent too.  In this webinar, wildlife biologist Sam Droege will highlight some of the successes of bringing those bees back via plantings in yards and properties—including things local residents can do in their own backyards.

Tuesday, October 20, 2026

  • 7:00pm – 8:30pm

    Speakers Nina Fisher and Ginger Woolridge, Save Our Trees

    Invasive vines—such as English ivy, bittersweet, wisteria, and Japanese honeysuckle–can stress and ultimately kill ​ trees, causing serious ecosystem disruption. In our October webinar, Nina Fisher and Ginger Woolridge, two of the five co-founders of Save Our Trees in Maryland’s Anne Arundel County, will discuss the most prevalent invasive vines in Maryland. They’ll outline the harm they cause, how to remove them correctly and how to prevent them from returning, along with a discussion of some native species you can plant instead. They will also cover proper mulching technique, creation of “soft landings” for beneficial insects, and preparation of your yard for autumn and winter.

Native Meadow Seeding Events – Various Dates in October

Photo: FMN Jerry Nissley – Bubble bee and Hummingbird moth
Sustainability Matters plants native meadows to create habitat for pollinators, and this fall they are gearing up for four major seeding events in Sterling and Ashburn. If you live in the Herndon/Reston area, they will not be too far away from you! These seeding parties are family-friendly, joyful events, with snacks provided.
Join volunteers from Sustainability Matters on various dates throughout October, at 10:00 a.m. to make history bloom! Together, volunteers will plant a native wildflower meadow in the historic W&OD corridor at Trailside Park.

Bring your butterfly wings, scatter seeds, and dance them into the earth! These joyful community planting parties are a chance to create beautiful habitat for pollinators while having fun with family, friends, and neighbors.

All ages are welcome – come celebrate, plant, and help our meadows bloom!

If interested, please register at the links below or by visiting the Sustainability Matters website. I would love to get a good group out to these events! If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at paige@sustainabilitymatters.earth.

 

Volunteer Spotlight: Meet Jerry! (Mason Neck Volunteer Newsletter Spotlight)

Photo: Courtesy of Jerry Nissley

 

Jerry Nissley has been volunteering at Mason Neck State Park since 2019, beginning as a paddle guide before expanding his role to include interpretive programs, field trips, special events, and welcoming visitors at the Visitor Center. A lifelong Northern Virginia resident, Jerry served five years in the U.S. Navy before earning a degree in Computer Information Systems and enjoying a 40-year career as an Aerospace Systems Architect.

After retiring, Jerry became a certified Virginia Master Naturalist in 2019 and now serves on the board of the Fairfax Chapter. In addition to volunteering at Mason Neck, he shares his passion for nature through educational programs with the Fairfax County Park Authority, homeschool groups, elementary schools, and community events. His interactive “Turtle Talk” program has introduced countless children and families to the fascinating world of Woodland Box Turtles.

When he’s not volunteering, Jerry enjoys kayaking, fishing, native pollinator gardening, and spending time with his wife of 47 years, their three daughters, and eight grandchildren. We are grateful for Jerry’s dedication, enthusiasm, and the wealth of knowledge he brings to Mason Neck State Park. (Pictured enjoying one of his favorite hobbies—kayaking on a local waterway.)

Raptor Rapture, September 12th

Photo: Courtesy of the Friends of Dyke Marsh

September 12
1 p.m. – 3 p.m.

Fort Hunt Park, Pavilion A
8999 Fort Hunt Rd
Alexandria, VA 22308

Bring your family and friends to see live hawks, owls and other raptors up close. This free event is sponsored by the Friends of Dyke Marsh, the National Park Service and Secret Gardens Birds. Registration is not required. Please spread the word.

Additional details can be found on the Friends of Dyke Marsh website.

 

Help Survey Butterflies and Dragonflies, September 23rd

Photo credit: Tricia Rowlison

September 23
8:30 a.m. to 12 p.m.

Dyke Marsh, Belle Haven Park parking lot
Alexandria, VA 22307

Help count butterflies and dragonflies in Dyke Marsh. Surveyors do not need experience or specialized knowledge. Meet in the south Belle Haven Park parking lot. Wear sturdy shoes, bring water, sun and insect protection and a snack. Binoculars, camera phone or a camera are helpful.

Additional details can be found on the Friends of the Dyke Marsh website.